Laravel Best Practices: Panduan Lengkap untuk Developer

November 8, 2024 / November 9, 2024 by Yogi Nugraha | Leave a comment

Pendahuluan

Laravel telah menjadi salah satu framework PHP paling populer untuk pengembangan web modern. Menerapkan best practices tidak hanya membuat kode Anda lebih maintainable, tetapi juga meningkatkan performa dan keamanan aplikasi.

Mengapa Best Practices Penting?

Meningkatkan maintainability kode
Mempermudah kolaborasi tim
Mengurangi technical debt
Mengoptimalkan performa aplikasi
Meningkatkan keamanan

Target Pembaca

Developer Laravel tingkat menengah
Senior developers
Tech leads & software architects
DevOps engineers

Arsitektur & Struktur Proyek

Struktur Folder Optimal

── app
│   ├── Console
│   ├── Contracts
│   ├── Events
│   ├── Exceptions
│   ├── Http
│   │   ├── Controllers
│   │   ├── Middleware
│   │   └── Requests
│   ├── Jobs
│   ├── Listeners
│   ├── Models
│   ├── Providers
│   ├── Repositories
│   └── Services

Konvensi Penamaan

Classes & Files

// Good
class UserController extends Controller
class CreateUserRequest
class UserRepository
 
// Bad
class users_controller
class create_user

Implementasi Design Patterns

Repository Pattern

interface UserRepositoryInterface
{
    public function find($id);
    public function create(array $data);
}
 
class UserRepository implements UserRepositoryInterface
{
    public function find($id)
    {
        return User::find($id);
    }
 
    public function create(array $data)
    {
        return User::create($data);
    }
}

Database & Model Best Practices

Migrations

public function up()
{
    Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->id();
        $table->string('name');
        $table->string('email')->unique();
        $table->timestamp('email_verified_at')->nullable();
        $table->string('password');
        $table->rememberToken();
        $table->timestamps();
        $table->softDeletes();
    });
}

Eloquent Relationships

class User extends Model
{
    public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany(Post::class);
    }
 
    public function profile()
    {
        return $this->hasOne(Profile::class);
    }
}

Controller & Route Best Practices

RESTful Controllers

class UserController extends Controller
{
    public function index()
    {
        return User::paginate(20);
    }
 
    public function store(CreateUserRequest $request)
    {
        return User::create($request->validated());
    }
}

Route Organization

Route::group(['middleware' => 'auth:api'], function () {
    Route::apiResource('users', UserController::class);
    Route::apiResource('posts', PostController::class);
});

Security Best Practices

Authentication

// config/auth.php
'guards' => [
    'web' => [
        'driver' => 'session',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
    'api' => [
        'driver' => 'sanctum',
        'provider' => 'users',
    ],
],

Request Validation

class CreateUserRequest extends FormRequest
{
    public function rules()
    {
        return [
            'name' => 'required|string|max:255',
            'email' => 'required|email|unique:users',
            'password' => 'required|min:8|confirmed',
        ];
    }
}

Performance Optimization

Caching Strategies

// Cache query results
$users = Cache::remember('users', 3600, function () {
    return User::active()->get();
});
 
// Cache views
@cache('key', 60)
    @include('expensive.view')
@endcache

Query Optimization

// Good
$users = User::with('posts')->get();
 
// Bad N+1 Problem
$users = User::all();
foreach ($users as $user) {
    $user->posts;
}

Testing Best Practices

Unit Testing

public function test_user_can_be_created()
{
    $userData = [
        'name' => 'John Doe',
        'email' => 'john@example.com',
        'password' => 'password'
    ];
 
    $user = User::create($userData);
 
    $this->assertDatabaseHas('users', [
        'email' => 'john@example.com'
    ]);
}

Deployment Checklist

Pre-deployment

Optimize autoloader: `composer install --optimize-autoloader --no-dev`
Cache configuration: `php artisan config:cache`
Cache routes: `php artisan route:cache`
Cache views: `php artisan view:cache`
Set appropriate permissions
Update environment variables